History Events on October 23

A French general begins a conspiracy to overthrow Napoleon, claiming that the Emperor died in Russia.

#Malet_coup_of_1812

The first treaty forming the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France against England is signed in Paris.

#Auld_Alliance

The Libyan National Transition Council deems the Libyan Civil War over.

#Libyan_Civil_War_(2011)

The War of Jenkins' Ear begins when Prime Minister Walpole reluctantly declares war on Spain.

#War_of_Jenkins'_Ear

The lowest sea-level pressure in the Western Hemisphere, and the highest reliably-measured non-tornadic sustained winds, are recorded in Hurricane Patricia, which strikes Mexico hours later, killing at least 13 and causing over $280 million in damages.

#Hurricane_Patricia

The Hungarian Republic officially replaces the communist Hungarian People's Republic.

#Hungarian_People's_Republic

World War II: The Battle for Henderson Field begins on Guadalcanal.

#Battle_for_Henderson_Field

World War II: British Empire forces commence the Second Battle of El Alamein to destroy the German and Italian armies in Egypt.

#Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein

Valentinian III is elevated as Roman emperor at the age of six.

#Valentinian_III

The Battle of Grathe Heath ends a civil war in Denmark.

#Battle_of_Grathe_Heath

Vietnam War: The 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), in conjunction with South Vietnamese forces, launches an operation seeking to destroy Communist forces during the siege of Plei Me.

#Siege_of_Plei_Me

A storm causes the Mexican Kab 101 oil platform to collide with a wellhead, leading to the death and drowning of 22 people during rescue operations after evacuation of the platform.

#Kab_101

A powerful earthquake and its aftershocks hit Niigata Prefecture in northern Japan, killing 35 people, injuring 2,200, and leaving 85,000 homeless or evacuated.

#2004_Ch?etsu_earthquake

World War II: The Battle of Leyte Gulf begins.

#Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf

Vietnam War: Operation Linebacker, a US bombing campaign against North Vietnam in response to its Easter Offensive, ends after five months.

#Operation_Linebacker

The Japanese Mitsubishi G4M twin-engine "Betty" Bomber makes its maiden flight.

#Mitsubishi_G4M

After 38 years, the world's first teletext service (BBC's Ceefax) ceases broadcast due to Northern Ireland completing the digital switchover.

#Ceefax

Alberto Santos-Dumont flies an airplane in the first heavier-than-air flight in Europe.

#Alberto_Santos-Dumont

The Battle of Edgehill is the first major battle of the English Civil War.

#Battle_of_Edgehill

Franco-Prussian War: The Siege of Metz concludes with a decisive Prussian victory.

#Siege_of_Metz_(1870)

All 12 passengers and crewmen aboard American Airlines Flight 28 are killed when it collides with a USAAF bomber near Palm Springs, California.

#American_Airlines_Flight_28

The First Parliament of Great Britain convenes.

#First_Parliament_of_Great_Britain

First Balkan War: The Battle of Kumanovo between the Serbian and Ottoman armies begins.

#Battle_of_Kumanovo

Israel and the Palestinian Authority sign the Wye River Memorandum.

#Wye_River_Memorandum

Prime Minister Ngô ?ình Di?m defeats former emperor B?o ??i in a referendum and founds the Republic of Vietnam.

#1955_State_of_Vietnam_referendum

Secret police shoot several anti-communist protesters, igniting the Hungarian Revolution.

#Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956

Canada's Springhill mining disaster kills seventy-five miners, while ninety-nine others are rescued.

#Springhill_mining_disaster

American Civil War: The Battle of Westport is the last significant engagement west of the Mississippi River.

#Battle_of_Westport

The Italo-Turkish War sees the first use of an airplane in combat when an Italian pilot makes a reconnaissance flight.

#Italo-Turkish_War

A powerful 7.2 magnitude earthquake strikes Van Province, Turkey, killing 582 people and injuring thousands.

Chechen terrorists seize the House of Culture theater in Moscow and take approximately 700 theater-goers hostage.

Yolanda Saldívar is found guilty of first-degree murder in the shooting death of popular Latin singer Selena.

The Troubles: A Provisional IRA bomb prematurely detonates in Belfast, killing the bomber and nine civilians.

Signing of the Paris Peace Accords which ends the Cambodian-Vietnamese War.

Bankruptcy of Wärtsilä Marine; the biggest bankruptcy in the Nordic countries up until then.

Lebanese Civil War: The U.S. Marines barracks in Beirut is hit by a truck bomb, killing 241 U.S. military personnel. A French army barracks in Lebanon is also hit that same morning, killing 58 troops.

A gunfight breaks out between police officers and members of a religious cult in Arizona. The shootout leaves two cultists dead and dozens of cultists and police officers injured.

Watergate scandal: President Nixon agrees to turn over subpoenaed audio tapes of his Oval Office conversations.

Gary Gabelich sets a land speed record in a rocket-powered automobile called the Blue Flame, fueled with natural gas.

The people of the Saar region vote in a referendum to unite with Germany instead of France.

The first National Women's Rights Convention begins in Worcester, Massachusetts.

Irish Catholic gentry from Ulster attempt to seize control of Dublin Castle, the seat of English rule in Ireland, so as to force concessions.

Spanish Reconquista: At the Battle of Sagrajas, the Almoravids defeats the Castilians, but are unable to take advantage of their victory.

The Synodus Palmaris, called by Gothic king Theoderic, absolves Pope Symmachus of all charges, thus ending the schism of Antipope Laurentius.

Liberators' civil war: Mark Antony and Octavian decisively defeat Brutus's army. Brutus commits suicide.