History Events on July 11

Brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière demonstrate movie film technology to scientists.

#Auguste_and_Louis_Lumière

The United States takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under terms of the Jay Treaty.

#Detroit

Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a monk (under the name Athanasius).

#Michael_I_Rangabe

Mathematical calculations suggest that it is on this day that dwarf planet Pluto moved inside the orbit of Neptune for the last time before 1979.

#Dwarf_planet

A revolution led by the liberal general and politician José Santos Zelaya takes over state power in Nicaragua.

#Revolution

Salomon August Andrée leaves Spitsbergen to attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon. He later crashes and dies.

#Salomon_August_Andrée

Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.

#Treaty_of_Saint-Clair-sur-Epte

Murder of Grace Brown by Chester Gillette in the United States, inspiration for Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy.

#Murder_of_Grace_Brown

Prince Karim Husseini Aga Khan IV inherits the office of Imamat as the 49th Imam of Shia Imami Ismai'li worldwide, after the death of Sir Sultan Mahommed Shah Aga Khan III.

#Aga_Khan_IV

Samuel de Champlain returns to Quebec.

#Samuel_de_Champlain

America's first space station, Skylab, is destroyed as it re-enters the Earth's atmosphere over the Indian Ocean.

#Skylab

France legislates for the independence of Dahomey (later Benin), Upper Volta (later Burkina) and Niger.

#Republic_of_Dahomey

Congo Crisis: The State of Katanga breaks away from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

#Congo_Crisis

A duel occurs in which the Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr mortally wounds former Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton.

#Burr-Hamilton_duel

Eric Liddell won the gold medal in 400m at the 1924 Paris Olympics, after refusing to run in the heats for 100m, his favoured distance, on the Sunday.

#Eric_Liddell

Martin Frobisher sights Greenland.

#Martin_Frobisher

French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons makes his first comet discovery. In the next 27 years he discovers another 36 comets, more than any other person in history.

#Jean-Louis_Pons

USS Nevada (BB-36) is launched.

#USS_Nevada_(BB-36)

Charles IV, Count of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia, is elected King of the Romans.

#Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor

Babe Ruth makes his debut in Major League Baseball.

#Babe_Ruth

Jacques Necker is dismissed as France's Finance Minister sparking the Storming of the Bastille.

#Jacques_Necker

Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 crashes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia killing all 261 passengers and crew on board.

#Nigeria_Airways_Flight_2120

The Northern Rhodesian Labour Party holds its first congress in Nkana.

#Northern_Rhodesian_Labour_Party

Engelbert Zaschka of Germany flies his large human-powered aircraft, the Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft, about 20 meters at Berlin Tempelhof Airport without assisted take-off.

#Engelbert_Zaschka

Ming admiral Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time.

#Ming_dynasty

The British Mediterranean Fleet begins the Bombardment of Alexandria in Egypt as part of the Anglo-Egyptian War.

#Mediterranean_Fleet

The first cultured pearl is obtained by K?kichi Mikimoto.

#Pearl

Pakistan joins the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank.

#Pakistan

Former president of the United States William Howard Taft is sworn in as 10th chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, becoming the only person ever to hold both offices.

#President_of_the_United_States

American Civil War: Battle of Fort Stevens; Confederate forces attempt to invade Washington, D.C.

#American_Civil_War

Giuliano della Rovere is appointed bishop of Coutances.

#Pope_Julius_II

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is first published, in the United States.

#To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

A truce in the Irish War of Independence comes into effect.

#Irish_War_of_Independence

Noongar Australian aboriginal warrior Yagan, wanted for the murder of white colonists in Western Australia, is killed.

#Noongar

The Exodus 1947 heads to Palestine from France.

#SS_Exodus

The first game of the World Chess Championship 1972 between challenger Bobby Fischer and defending champion Boris Spassky starts.

#World_Chess_Championship_1972

Waterloo railway station in London opens.

#London_Waterloo_station

The Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic.

#Triborough_Bridge

Evangelos Florakis Naval Base explosion: Ninety-eight containers of explosives self-detonate killing 13 people in Zygi, Cyprus.

#Evangelos_Florakis_Naval_Base_explosion

Los Alfaques disaster: A truck carrying liquid gas crashes and explodes at a coastal campsite in Tarragona, Spain killing 216 tourists.

#Los_Alfaques_disaster

Copper mines in Chile are nationalized.

#Copper

Varig Flight 820 crashes near Paris, France on approach to Orly Airport, killing 123 of the 134 on board. In response, the FAA bans smoking in airplane lavatories.

#Varig_Flight_820

Mumbai train bombings: Two hundred nine people are killed in a series of bomb attacks in Mumbai, India.

#2006_Mumbai_train_bombings

World War II: Allied invasion of Sicily: German and Italian troops launch a counter-attack on Allied forces in Sicily.

#Allied_invasion_of_Sicily

The Red Army captures Mongolia from the White Army and establishes the Mongolian People's Republic.

#Red_Army

Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army within the Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Volhynia) peak.

#Massacres_of_Poles_in_Volhynia_and_Eastern_Galicia

The United States Marine Corps is re-established; they had been disbanded after the American Revolutionary War.

#United_States_Marine_Corps

Tijuana, Mexico, is founded.

#Tijuana

Yugoslav Wars: Srebrenica massacre begins; lasts until 22 July.

#Yugoslav_Wars

Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch): A coalition around the Flemish cities defeats the king of France's royal army.

#Battle_of_the_Golden_Spurs

The Hollywood Bowl opens.

#Hollywood_Bowl

After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.

#Anthemius

World War II: Vichy France regime is formally established. Philippe Pétain becomes Chief of the French State.

#World_War_II

Kampala attacks: At least 74 people are killed in twin suicide bombings at two locations in Kampala, Uganda

Oka Crisis: First Nations land dispute in Quebec, Canada begins.

A TAME airline Boeing 737-200 crashes near Cuenca, Ecuador, killing all 119 passengers and crew on board.

Martin Luther King, Jr. is posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Project Apollo: At a press conference, NASA announces lunar orbit rendezvous as the means to land astronauts on the Moon, and return them to Earth.

First transatlantic satellite television transmission.

In the East Prussian plebiscite the local populace decides to remain with Weimar Germany.

The eight-hour day and free Sunday become law for workers in the Netherlands.

Fiat founded by Giovanni Agnelli in Turin, Italy.

Baldwin IV, 13, becomes King of Jerusalem, with Raymond III, Count of Tripoli as regent and William of Tyre as chancellor.