History Events on October 19

Hundred Years' War: Three months after the Battle of Castillon, England loses its last possessions in southern France.

#Battle_of_Castillon

Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.

#Trial_of_Saddam_Hussein

The Spanish ship San Felipe runs aground on the coast of Japan and its cargo is confiscated by local authorities

#San_Felipe_incident_(1596)

First World War: The First Battle of Ypres begins.

#First_Battle_of_Ypres

A coup is launched against Juan Federico Ponce Vaides, beginning the ten-year Guatemalan Revolution

#Guatemalan_Revolution

The League of Nations places economic sanctions on Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia.

#Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War

Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.

#Hurricane_Wilma

The cargo vessel Sinfra is attacked by Allied aircraft at Crete and sunk. 2,098 Italian prisoners of war drown with it.

#MS_Sinfra

The United States Navy conducts Operation Nimble Archer, an attack on two Iranian oil platforms in the Persian Gulf.

#Operation_Nimble_Archer

War of the Sixth Coalition: Napoleon is forced to retreat from Germany after the Battle of Leipzig.

#Battle_of_Leipzig

Black Monday: The Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%, 508 points.

#Black_Monday_(1987)

At least 105 people are injured in a train crash in Buenos Aires.

#2013_Buenos_Aires_train_crash

The French invasion of Russia fails when Napoleon begins his retreat from Moscow.

#French_invasion_of_Russia

Niue becomes a self-governing colony of New Zealand.

#Niue_Constitution_Act

Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.

#Mother_Teresa

United States forces land in the Philippines.

#Battle_of_Leyte

American Civil War: The Battle of Cedar Creek ends the last Confederate threat to Washington, DC.

#Battle_of_Cedar_Creek

American Civil War: Confederate agents based in Canada rob three banks in Saint Albans, Vermont.

#St._Albans_Raid

War of the Third Coalition: Austrian General Mack surrenders his army to Napoleon at the Battle of Ulm.

#Battle_of_Ulm

Second Punic War: At the Battle of Zama, Roman legions under Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal Barca, leader of the army defending Carthage.

#Battle_of_Zama

British Conservative MPs vote to terminate the coalition government with the Liberal Party.

#Lloyd_George_ministry

China defeats the Tibetan Army at Chambo.

#Battle_of_Chamdo

John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the United States.

#John_Jay

The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.

#Gaiseric

The president of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, along with 33 others, die when their aircraft crashes into the Lebombo Mountains.

#1986_Mozambican_Tupolev_Tu-134_crash

Italo-Turkish War: Italy takes possession of what is now Libya from the Ottoman Empire.

#Italo-Turkish_War

Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.

#Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon

Korean War: The Battle of Pyongyang ends in a United Nations victory. Hours later, the Chinese Army begins crossing the border into Korea.

#Battle_of_Pyongyang_(1950)

Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology.

#Martin_Luther

Iran becomes the first country to accept technical assistance from the United States under the Point Four Program.

#Point_Four_Program

Konstantin von Neurath withdraws Germany from the League of Nations.

#Konstantin_von_Neurath

A Roman Catholic priest, Jerzy Popie?uszko, associated with the Solidarity Union, is killed by three agents of the Polish Communist internal intelligence agency.

#Jerzy_Popie?uszko

The Universität Heidelberg holds its first lecture, making it the oldest German university.

#Heidelberg_University

New Ross town in Ireland surrenders to Oliver Cromwell.

#New_Ross

The British government imposes a broadcasting ban on television and radio interviews with members of Sinn Féin and eleven Irish republican and Ulster loyalist paramilitary groups.

#1988-94_British_broadcasting_voice_restrictions

The United States imposes a near-total trade embargo against Cuba.

#United_States_embargo_against_Cuba

Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.

#Streptomycin

A bomb explosion kills eight people and injures 110 more in Lebanon.

SIEV X, an Indonesian fishing boat en route to Christmas Island, carrying over 400 migrants, sinks in international waters with the loss of 353 people.

The convictions of the Guildford Four are quashed by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, after they had spent 15 years in prison.

President Nixon rejects an Appeals Court decision that he turn over the Watergate tapes.

The Soviet Union and Japan sign a Joint Declaration, officially ending the state of war between the two countries that had existed since August 1945.

The Portuguese Prime Minister and several officials are murdered in the Bloody Night coup.

Max Planck discovers Planck's law of black-body radiation.

In accordance with the Treaty of Vienna, Austria cedes Veneto and Mantua to France, which immediately awards them to Italy in exchange for the earlier Italian acquiescence to the French annexation of Savoy and Nice.

American Revolutionary War: The siege of Yorktown comes to an end.

The Thirteen Years' War between Poland and the Teutonic Order ends with the Second Treaty of Thorn.

King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry.