History Events on November 12

Santa Cruz massacre: Indonesian forces open fire on a crowd of student protesters in Dili, East Timor.

#Santa_Cruz_massacre

King George I of Greece makes a triumphal entry into Thessaloniki after its liberation from 482 years of Ottoman rule.

#George_I_of_Greece

France conducts the Oreste nuclear test as 14th in the group of 29, 1975-78 French nuclear tests series.

#France

Erdut Agreement regarding the peaceful resolution to the Croatian War of Independence was reached.

#Erdut_Agreement

The 13-year-old Lothair III is crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi as king of the West Frankish Kingdom.

#Lothair_of_France

Leon Trotsky is expelled from the Soviet Communist Party, leaving Joseph Stalin in undisputed control of the Soviet Union.

#Leon_Trotsky

A blast in Iran's Shahid Modarres missile base leads to the death of 17 of the Revolutionary Guards members, including Hassan Tehrani Moghaddam, a key figure in Iran's missile program.

#Bid_Kaneh_explosion

Iran hostage crisis: In response to the hostage situation in Tehran, US President Jimmy Carter orders a halt to all petroleum imports into the United States from Iran.

#Iran_hostage_crisis

Plymouth becomes the first town incorporated by the English Parliament.

#Plymouth

The 7.2 Mw? Düzce earthquake shakes northwestern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). At least 845 people were killed and almost 5,000 were injured.

#1999_Düzce_earthquake

World War II: The Battle of Gabon ends as Free French Forces take Libreville, Gabon, and all of French Equatorial Africa from Vichy French forces.

#World_War_II

War in Afghanistan: Taliban forces abandon Kabul, ahead of advancing Afghan Northern Alliance troops.

#War_in_Afghanistan_(2001-present)

Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes sign the Treaty of Rapallo.

#Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia

Tim Berners-Lee publishes a formal proposal for the World Wide Web.

#Tim_Berners-Lee

The Philae lander, deployed from the European Space Agency's Rosetta probe, reaches the surface of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

#Philae_(spacecraft)

Austria becomes a republic. After the proclamation, a coup attempt by the communist Red Guard was defeated by the social-democratic Volkswehr.

#First_Austrian_Republic

Space Shuttle program: Mission STS-2, utilizing the Space Shuttle Columbia, marks the first time a manned spacecraft is launched into space twice.

#Space_Shuttle_program

In Tokyo, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East sentences seven Japanese military and government officials, including General Hideki Tojo, to death for their roles in World War II.

#International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East

In California, the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge opens to traffic.

#San_Francisco-Oakland_Bay_Bridge

World War II: The Royal Air Force launches 29 Avro Lancaster bombers, which sink the German battleship Tirpitz, with 12,000 lb Tallboy bombs off Tromsø, Norway.

#Royal_Air_Force

SS Vestris sinks approximately 200 miles (320 km) off Hampton Roads, Virginia, killing at least 110 passengers, mostly women and children who die after the vessel is abandoned.

#SS_Vestris

World War II: Naval Battle of Guadalcanal between Japanese and American forces begins near Guadalcanal. The battle lasts for three days and ends with an American victory.

#Naval_Battle_of_Guadalcanal

The 1970 Bhola cyclone makes landfall on the coast of East Pakistan becoming the deadliest tropical cyclone in history.

#1970_Bhola_cyclone

Silvio Berlusconi tenders his resignation as Prime Minister of Italy, effective November 16, due in large part to the European sovereign debt crisis.

#Silvio_Berlusconi

Vietnam War: Independent investigative journalist Seymour Hersh breaks the story of the My Lai Massacre.

#Vietnam_War

World War II: Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov arrives in Berlin to discuss the possibility of the Soviet Union joining the Axis Powers.

#Vyacheslav_Molotov

Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia join the United Nations.

#Morocco

Abdur Rahman Khan accepts the Durand Line as the border between Afghanistan and the British Raj.

#Abdur_Rahman_Khan

In the midst of the Suez Crisis, Palestinian refugees are shot dead in Rafah by Israeli soldiers following the invasion of the Gaza Strip.

#Suez_Crisis

Ellis Island ceased operations.

#Ellis_Island

In New York City, American Airlines Flight 587, an Airbus A300 en route to the Dominican Republic, crashes minutes after takeoff from John F. Kennedy International Airport, killing all 260 on board and five on the ground.

#American_Airlines_Flight_587

The frozen bodies of Robert Scott and his men are found on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica.

#Robert_Falcon_Scott

Jean Sylvain Bailly, the first Mayor of Paris, is guillotined.

#Jean_Sylvain_Bailly

The Comoros joins the United Nations.

#Comoros

World War II: Temperatures around Moscow drop to -12 °C as the Soviet Union launches ski troops for the first time against the freezing German forces near the city.

#Soviet_Union

Iraq War: In Nasiriyah, Iraq, at least 23 people, among them the first Italian casualties of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, are killed in a suicide bomb attack on an Italian police base.

#Iraq_War

Ramzi Yousef is found guilty of masterminding the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.

#Ramzi_Yousef

World War II: The Soviet cruiser Chervona Ukraina is destroyed during the Battle of Sevastopol.

#Soviet_cruiser_Chervona_Ukraina

The NASA space probe Voyager I makes its closest approach to Saturn and takes the first images of its rings.

#NASA

Vietnam War: As part of Vietnamization, US President Richard Nixon sets February 1, 1972 as the deadline for the removal of another 45,000 American troops from Vietnam.

#Vietnamization

Battle of Posada ends: Wallachian Voievode Basarab I defeats the Hungarian army by ambush.

#Battle_of_Posada

The 7.3 Mw? Kermanshah earthquake shakes the northern Iran–Iraq border with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). At least 410 people were killed and over 7,000 were injured.

Two suicide bombers detonated explosives in Bourj el-Barajneh, Beirut, killing 43 people and injuring over 200 others.

Shanghai Transrapid sets a new world speed record (501 kilometres per hour (311 mph)) for commercial railway systems, which remains the fastest for unmodified commercial rail vehicles.

A Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 747 and a Kazakh Ilyushin Il-76 cargo plane collide in mid-air near New Delhi, killing 349. The deadliest mid-air collision to date.

Crown Prince Akihito is formally installed as Emperor Akihito of Japan, becoming the 125th Japanese monarch.

USSR: Yuri Andropov becomes the General Secretary of the Communist Party's Central Committee, succeeding Leonid I. Brezhnev.

The Oregon Highway Division attempts to destroy a rotting beached Sperm whale with explosives, leading to the now infamous "exploding whale" incident.

A team of rock climbers led by Warren Harding completes the first ascent of The Nose on El Capitan in Yosemite Valley.

Norway holds a referendum resulting in popular approval of the Storting's decision to authorise the government to make the offer of the throne of the newly-independent country.

William Heffelfinger becomes the first professional American football player on record, participating in his first paid game for the Allegheny Athletic Association.

Future Byzantine empress Zoe takes the throne as empress consort to Romanos III Argyros.