History Events on September 23

The Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Wars of the Roses, is won by the Yorkists.

#Battle_of_Blore_Heath

The British travel company, Thomas Cook Group, declares bankruptcy, leaving employees without jobs and 600,000 customers stranded abroad. Hotels throughout the world are stuck with £3.5 million (U.S. $4.3 million) in unpaid bills.

#Thomas_Cook_Group

American Revolution: John Paul Jones, naval commander of the United States, on board the USS Bonhomme Richard, wins the Battle of Flamborough Head.

#American_Revolution

Astronomers Urbain Le Verrier, John Couch Adams and Johann Gottfried Galle collaborate on the discovery of Neptune.

#Urbain_Le_Verrier

Gulf Air Flight 771 is destroyed by a bomb, killing all 117 people on board.

#Gulf_Air_Flight_771

Bob Marley plays what would be the last concert of his life in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

#Bob_Marley

Spanish naval forces rout an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near Veracruz.

#Battle_of_San_Juan_de_Ulúa_(1568)

Saint Kitts and Nevis joins the United Nations.

#Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis

The unification of Saudi Arabia is completed.

#Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia

Korean War: The Battle of Hill 282 is the first US friendly-fire incident on British military personnel since World War II.

#Korean_War

Pilot Earle Ovington makes the first official airmail delivery in America under the authority of the United States Post Office Department

#Earle_Ovington

Roland Garros of France becomes the first to fly in an airplane across the Mediterranean (from St. Raphael in France to Bizerte, Tunisia).

#Roland_Garros_(aviator)

American Revolution: British Major John André is arrested as a spy by American soldiers exposing Benedict Arnold's change of sides.

#John_André

Lewis and Clark return to St. Louis after exploring the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

#Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition

Nintendo Koppai (Later Nintendo Company, Limited) is founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce and market the playing card game Hanafuda.

#Nintendo

The Battle of Arnemuiden, in which a French force defeats the English, is the first naval battle of the Hundred Years' War and the first naval battle in which gunpowder artillery is used.

#Battle_of_Arnemuiden

Second Anglo-Maratha War: The Battle of Assaye is fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.

#Second_Anglo-Maratha_War

Grito de Lares ("Lares Revolt") occurs in Puerto Rico against Spanish rule.

#Grito_de_Lares

Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat of Worms to put an end to the Investiture Controversy.

#Pope_Callixtus_II

World War II: The Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins: U.S. Marines attack Japanese units along the Matanikau River.

#World_War_II

Houston Astros' Jim Deshaies sets a record, striking out the first eight batters he faces against the Los Angeles Dodgers.

#Jim_Deshaies

Norway and Sweden sign the "Karlstad treaty", peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries.

#Dissolution_of_the_union_between_Norway_and_Sweden

The Czechoslovak army is mobilized in response to the Munich Agreement.

#Munich_Agreement

Over 3,000 people die in Haiti after Hurricane Jeanne produces massive flooding and mudslides.

#Hurricane_Jeanne

Matti Saari kills ten people before committing suicide.

#Kauhajoki_school_shooting

The novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra (The Phantom of the Opera), by Gaston Leroux, is published as a serialization in Le Gaulois.

#The_Phantom_of_the_Opera

World War II: The Nazi puppet state known as the Italian Social Republic is founded.

#Italian_Social_Republic

Tripolitsa, Greece, is captured by Greek rebels during the Greek War of Independence.

#Siege_of_Tripolitsa

The first public version of the web browser Mozilla Firefox ("Phoenix 0.1") is released.

Argentine general election: Juan Perón returns to power in Argentina.

The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts opens in New York City.

The American Asiatic Squadron destroys a Filipino battery at the Battle of Olongapo.

The Knickerbockers Baseball Club, the first baseball team to play under the modern rules, is founded in New York.

The first commencement exercises occur at Harvard College.

The Merchant Royal, carrying a treasure of over 100,000 pounds of gold (worth over £1 billion today), is lost at sea off Land's End.

The Battle of Kherlen is the second significant victory over Ming dynasty China by the Mongols since 1368.