History Events on September 01

The Spanish fort of Sancti Spiritu, the first one built in modern Argentina, is destroyed by natives.

#Sancti_Spiritu_(Argentina)

King Tvrtko I of Bosnia writes In castro nostro Vizoka vocatum from the Old town of Visoki.

#Tvrtko_I_of_Bosnia

Over 400 people die in the Great Hinckley Fire, a forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota.

#Great_Hinckley_Fire

The Fountain of Time opens as a tribute to the 100 years of peace between the United States and Great Britain following the Treaty of Ghent.

#Fountain_of_Time

The army of Mohammad Ayub Khan is routed by the British at the Battle of Kandahar, ending the Second Anglo-Afghan War.

#Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)

A coup in Libya brings Muammar Gaddafi to power.

#1969_Libyan_coup_d'état

The Eritrean War of Independence officially begins with the shooting of Ethiopian police by Hamid Idris Awate.

#Eritrean_War_of_Independence

Massachusetts Bay colonists rise up in the bloodless Powder Alarm.

#Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay

The armored cruiser Georgios Averof is commissioned into the Greek Navy. It now serves as a museum ship.

#Armored_cruiser

Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Sedan is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory.

#Franco-Prussian_War

Emma Nutt becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she is recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company.

#Emma_Nutt

A 9.4 MS-strong earthquake shakes Chile's Atacama Region causing tsunamis in Chile as well as Hawaii and Japan.

#1420_Caldera_earthquake

The high honor of Order of St. Gregory the Great is established by Pope Gregory XVI of the Vatican State to recognize high support for the Vatican or for the Pope, by a man or a woman, and not necessarily a Roman Catholic.

#Order_of_St._Gregory_the_Great

Alberta and Saskatchewan join the Canadian confederation.

#Alberta

The American space probe Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 kilometres (13,000 mi).

#Pioneer_11

Tumu Crisis: The Mongols capture the Emperor of China.

#Tumu_Crisis

Major General Chun Doo-hwan becomes President of South Korea, following the resignation of Choi Kyu-hah.

#Chun_Doo-hwan

Juno, one of the largest asteroids in the Main Belt, is discovered by the German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding.

#3_Juno

The first conference of the Non-Aligned Countries is held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia.

#Non-Aligned_Movement

The Great Kant? earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 105,000 people.

#1923_Great_Kant?_earthquake

The last known passenger pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo.

#Passenger_pigeon

Iceland expands its fishing zone, putting it into conflict with the United Kingdom, beginning the Cod Wars.

#Iceland

In Reykjavík, Iceland, American Bobby Fischer beats Russian Boris Spassky to become the world chess champion.

#Reykjavík

Narcissa Whitman, one of the first English-speaking white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington.

#Narcissa_Whitman

The United States Air Force Space Command is founded.

#Air_Force_Space_Command

A coup d'état in the Central African Republic overthrows President David Dacko.

#Coup_d'état

The Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is founded in San Luis Obispo, California.

#Mission_San_Luis_Obispo_de_Tolosa

Adolf Hitler signs an order to begin the systematic euthanasia of mentally ill and disabled people.

#Adolf_Hitler

The Wound Badge for Wehrmacht, SS, Kriegsmarine, and Luftwaffe soldiers is instituted. The final version of the Iron Cross is also instituted on this date.

#Wound_Badge

Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist cause.

#Battle_of_Tippermuir

American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly: Confederate Army troops defeat a group of retreating Union Army troops in Chantilly, Virginia.

#American_Civil_War

Six-Day War: The Khartoum Resolution is issued at the Arab Summit, and eight countries adopt the "three 'no's against Israel".

#Six-Day_War

Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union.

#Uzbekistan

World War II: Nazi Germany and Slovakia invade Poland, beginning the European phase of World War II.

#World_War_II

Palestinian guerrillas attack the motorcade of King Hussein of Jordan in a failed assassination attempt.

#Hussein_of_Jordan

The Nazis execute 2,500 Jews by shooting in Ostroh, Ukraine.

#Ostroh

Cold War: Korean Air Lines Flight 007 is shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace, killing all 269 on board, including Congressman Lawrence McDonald.

#Cold_War

The Beslan school siege begins when armed terrorists take schoolchildren and school staff hostage in North Ossetia, Russia; by the end of the siege three days later more than 385 people are dead (including hostages, other civilians, security personnel and terrorists).

#Beslan_school_siege

Lady Anne Boleyn is made Marquess of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England.

#Anne_Boleyn

A joint American-French expedition locates the wreckage of the RMS Titanic.

The SR-71 Blackbird sets (and holds) the record for flying from New York to London in the time of 1 hour, 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds at a speed of 1,435.587 miles per hour (2,310.353 km/h).

Tr?n Thi?n Khiêm becomes Prime Minister of South Vietnam under President Nguy?n V?n Thi?u.

The Khmer-Chinese Friendship Association is banned in Cambodia.

The Old Man and the Sea, the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Ernest Hemingway, is first published.

The United States, Australia and New Zealand sign a mutual defense pact, called the ANZUS Treaty.

Switzerland mobilizes its forces and the Swiss Parliament elects Henri Guisan to head the Swiss Armed Forces (an event that can happen only during war or mobilization).

General George C. Marshall becomes Chief of Staff of the United States Army.

The first Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animated cartoon, The Discontented Canary, is released to movie theatres.

Ahmet Zogu declares Albania to be a monarchy and proclaims himself king.

St. Petersburg, Russia, changes its name to Petrograd.

The International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys is established.

The Tremont Street Subway in Boston opens, becoming the first underground rapid transit system in North America.

Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande.

American Civil War: The Confederate Army General John Bell Hood orders the evacuation of Atlanta, ending a four-month siege by General William Tecumseh Sherman.

Saint Andrew's Scots School, the oldest school of British origin in South America, is established.

Catherine II of Russia endorses Ivan Betskoy's plans for a Foundling Home in Moscow.

King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years, which is the longest of any major European monarch.

Adi Granth, now known as Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhs, was first installed at Harmandir Sahib.