History Events on November 14

Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Smoliani, French Marshals Victor & Oudinot defeated by Wittgenstein.

#Napoleonic_Wars

American physicist Theodore Maiman is given a patent for his ruby laser systems, the world's first laser.

#Theodore_Maiman

Friedrich Soennecken first developed the hole puncher, a type of office tool capable of punching small holes in paper.

#Friedrich_Soennecken

Soviet Union enters ICAO, making Russian the fourth official language of organization.

#Soviet_Union

Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 12, the second crewed mission to the surface of the Moon.

#Apollo_program

A gunman kills four people and injures 12 others during a shooting spree across Rancho Tehama Reserve, California. He had earlier murdered his wife in their home.

#Rancho_Tehama_Reserve_shootings

Foundation of the Communist Party of Spain.

#Communist_Party_of_Spain

Cambodian Prince Norodom Sihanouk returns to Phnom Penh after thirteen years of exile.

#Norodom_Sihanouk

The Lions Gate Bridge, connecting Vancouver to the North Shore region, opens to traffic.

#Lions_Gate_Bridge

Southern Airways Flight 932 crashes in the mountains near Huntington, West Virginia, killing 75, including almost all of the Marshall University football team.

#Southern_Airways_Flight_932

With the signing of the Madrid Accords, Spain abandons Western Sahara.

#Madrid_Accords

Astronomers Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo, and David L. Rabinowitz discover 90377 Sedna, a Trans-Neptunian object.

#Michael_E._Brown

Czechoslovakia becomes a republic.

#Czechoslovakia

In the United Kingdom, Princess Anne marries Captain Mark Phillips, in Westminster Abbey.

#Anne,_Princess_Royal

Moby-Dick, a novel by Herman Melville, is published in the USA.

#Moby-Dick

Vietnam War: The Battle of Ia Drang begins: The first major engagement between regular American and North Vietnamese forces.

#Vietnam_War

American Civil War: President Abraham Lincoln approves General Ambrose Burnside's plan to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia, leading to the Battle of Fredericksburg.

#American_Civil_War

Zamboanga City mayor Cesar Climaco, a prominent critic of the government of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, is assassinated in his home city.

#Zamboanga_City

World War II: In Slonim, German forces engaged in Operation Barbarossa murder 9,000 Jews in a single day.

#Slonim

Lech Wa??sa, the leader of Poland's outlawed Solidarity movement, is released after eleven months of internment near the Soviet border.

#Lech_Wa??sa

The Congress of Colombia, in commemoration of the 150 years of the death of Policarpa Salavarrieta, declares this day as "Day of the Colombian Woman".

#Congress_of_Colombia

Pioneering female journalist Nellie Bly (aka Elizabeth Cochrane) begins a successful attempt to travel around the world in less than 80 days. She completes the trip in 72 days.

#Nellie_Bly

A magnitude 7.8 earthquake strikes a remote part of the Tibetan plateau. It had the longest known surface rupture recorded on land (~400 km) and is the best documented example of a supershear earthquake.

#2001_Kunlun_earthquake

France conducts the Aphrodite nuclear test as 25th in the group of 29, 1975-78 French nuclear tests.

#France

After German reunification, the Federal Republic of Germany and Poland sign a treaty confirming the Oder-Neisse line as the border between Germany and Poland.

#German_reunification

Iran hostage crisis: US President Jimmy Carter issues Executive order 12170, freezing all Iranian assets in the United States in response to the hostage crisis.

#Iran_hostage_crisis

Mariner 9 enters orbit around Mars.

#Mariner_9

During a British House of Commons debate, Labour MP Tam Dalyell poses what would become known as the West Lothian question, referring to issues related to devolution in the United Kingdom.

#House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom

Israel launches a major military operation in the Gaza Strip, as hostilities with Hamas escalate.

#Israel

Ruby Bridges becomes the first black child to attend an all-white elementary school in Louisiana.

#Ruby_Bridges

World War II: In England, Coventry is heavily bombed by German Luftwaffe bombers. Coventry Cathedral is almost completely destroyed.

#World_War_II

War in Afghanistan: Afghan Northern Alliance fighters take over the capital Kabul.

#War_in_Afghanistan_(2001-present)

James Bruce discovers what he believes to be the source of the Nile.

#James_Bruce

World War II: The aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal sinks due to torpedo damage from the German submarine U-81 sustained on November 13.

#Aircraft_carrier

A magnitude 7.8 earthquake strikes Kaikoura, New Zealand, at a depth of 15 km (9 miles), resulting in the deaths of two people.

The first G-20 economic summit opens in Washington, D.C.

A budget standoff between Democrats and Republicans in the U.S. Congress forces the federal government to temporarily close national parks and museums and to run most government offices with skeleton staffs.

American and British authorities announce indictments against two Libyan intelligence officials in connection with the downing of the Pan Am Flight 103.

The Athens Polytechnic uprising, a massive demonstration of popular rejection of the Greek military junta of 1967-74, begins.

The "Apalachin Meeting" in rural Tioga County in upstate New York is raided by law enforcement; many high level Mafia figures are arrested while trying to flee.

The first regular UK Singles Chart published by the New Musical Express.

The British Broadcasting Company begins radio service in the United Kingdom.

Aviator Eugene Burton Ely performs the first takeoff from a ship in Hampton Roads, Virginia. He took off from a makeshift deck on the USS Birmingham in a Curtiss pusher.