History Events on November 10

National Educational Television (the predecessor to the Public Broadcasting Service) in the United States debuts Sesame Street.

#National_Educational_Television

Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King W?adys?aw III of Poland (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and W?adys?aw III of Varna) are defeated by the Turks under Sultan Murad II and W?adys?aw is killed.

#Battle_of_Varna

Southern Airways Flight 49 from Birmingham, Alabama is hijacked and, at one point, is threatened with crashing into the nuclear installation at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. After two days, the plane lands in Havana, Cuba, where the hijackers are jailed by Fidel Castro.

#Southern_Airways

Longtime Bulgarian leader Todor Zhivkov is removed from office and replaced by Petar Mladenov.

#People's_Republic_of_Bulgaria

In Cambodia, Khmer Rouge forces attack the city of Phnom Penh and its airport, killing 44, wounding at least 30 and damaging nine aircraft.

#Cambodia

World War II: Germany invades Vichy France following French Admiral François Darlan's agreement to an armistice with the Allies in North Africa.

#Nazi_Germany

Heavy fighting in Surabaya between Indonesian nationalists and returning colonialists after World War II, today celebrated as Heroes' Day (Hari Pahlawan).

#Battle_of_Surabaya

The Hope Diamond is donated to the Smithsonian Institution by New York diamond merchant Harry Winston.

#Hope_Diamond

Israeli-Palestinian conflict: the United Nations General Assembly passes Resolution 3379, determining that Zionism is a form of racism.

#Israeli-Palestinian_conflict

After a three-day siege, the English Army beheads over 600 people, including papal soldiers and civilians, at Dún an Óir, Ireland.

#Siege_of_Smerwick

Germans begin to tear down the Berlin Wall.

#Berlin_Wall

The last colonial governor of New Jersey, William Franklin, signs the charter of Queen's College (later renamed Rutgers University).

#New_Jersey

Over five months after landing on Mars, NASA declares the Phoenix mission concluded after communications with the lander were lost.

#Mars

Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Maratha King kills Afzal Khan, Adilshahi in the battle popularly known as Battle of Pratapgarh. This is also recognised as the first defence of Swarajya.

#Shivaji

The United States Marine Corps is founded at Tun Tavern in Philadelphia by Samuel Nicholas.

#United_States_Marine_Corps

Vietnam War: Vietnamization: For the first time in five years, an entire week ends with no reports of American combat fatalities in Southeast Asia.

#Vietnam_War

U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower dedicates the USMC War Memorial (Iwo Jima memorial) in Arlington Ridge Park in Arlington County, Virginia.

#Dwight_D._Eisenhower

The Western Union Cable Office in North Sydney, Nova Scotia, receives a top-secret coded message from Europe (that would be sent to Ottawa and Washington, D.C.) that said on November 11, 1918, all fighting would cease on land, sea and in the air.

#North_Sydney,_Nova_Scotia

Raden Wijaya is crowned as the first monarch of Majapahit kingdom of Java, taking the throne name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana.

#Raden_Wijaya

The ammunition ship USS Mount Hood explodes at Seeadler Harbour, Manus, Admiralty Islands, killing at least 432 and wounding 371.

#USS_Mount_Hood_(AE-11)

Fourth Crusade: Despite letters from Pope Innocent III forbidding it and threatening excommunication, Catholic crusaders begin a siege of Zara (now Zadar, Croatia).

#Fourth_Crusade

In Nigeria, playwright and environmental activist Ken Saro-Wiwa, along with eight others from the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (Mosop), are hanged by government forces.

#Nigeria

Bill Gates introduces Windows 1.0.

#Bill_Gates

The 1940 Vrancea earthquake strikes Romania killing an estimated 1,000 and injuring approximately 4,000 more.

#1940_Vrancea_earthquake

The National Museum of the Marine Corps in Quantico, Virginia is opened and dedicated by U.S. President George W. Bush, who announces that Marine Corporal Jason Dunham will posthumously receive the Medal of Honor.

#National_Museum_of_the_Marine_Corps

Ships of the South and North Korean navies skirmish off Daecheong Island in the Yellow Sea.

#Battle_of_Daecheong

Major Henry Wirz, the superintendent of a prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia, is hanged, becoming one of only three American Civil War soldiers executed for war crimes.

#Henry_Wirz

Third Anglo-Dutch War: As provided in the Treaty of Westminster, Netherlands cedes New Netherland to England.

#Third_Anglo-Dutch_War

Emperor Leo II dies after a reign of ten months. He is succeeded by his father Zeno, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.

#Leo_II_(emperor)

Henry Morton Stanley locates missing explorer and missionary, Dr David Livingstone in Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika, famously greeting him with the words, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?".

#Henry_Morton_Stanley

Beginning of the Wilmington insurrection of 1898, the only instance of a municipal government being overthrown in United States history.

#Wilmington_insurrection_of_1898

The 729-foot-long freighter SS Edmund Fitzgerald sinks during a storm on Lake Superior, killing all 29 crew on board.

#SS_Edmund_Fitzgerald

Sri Lankan Tamil politician Nadarajah Raviraj is assassinated in Colombo.

Veteran's Day Weekend Tornado Outbreak: A tornado outbreak stretching from Northern Ohio to the Gulf Coast, one of the largest outbreaks recorded in November. The strongest tornado, an F4, hits Van Wert, Ohio, during the early to mid afternoon and destroys a movie theater, which had been evacuated.

WorldCom and MCI Communications announce a $37 billion merger (the largest merger in US history at the time).

A 106-car Canadian Pacific freight train carrying explosive and poisonous chemicals from Windsor, Ontario, Canada derails in Mississauga, Ontario, just west of Toronto, causing a massive explosion and the largest peacetime evacuation in Canadian history and one of the largest in North American history.

With the rollout of the North American Numbering Plan, direct-dial coast-to-coast telephone service begins in the United States.

The date of Thomas A. Davis' opening of the San Diego Army and Navy Academy, although the official founding date is November 23, 1910.

The passenger ship Stephen Whitney is wrecked in thick fog off the southern coast of Ireland, killing 92 of the 110 on board. The disaster results in the construction of the Fastnet Rock lighthouse.

Cry of Independence by Rufina Alfaro at La Villa de Los Santos, Panama setting into motion a revolt which led to Panama's independence from Spain and to it immediately becoming part of Colombia.

A Goddess of Reason is proclaimed by the French Convention at the suggestion of Pierre Gaspard Chaumette.

English colonists under the command of James Moore besiege Spanish St. Augustine during Queen Anne's War.

Ten Kingdoms: Li Bian usurps the throne and deposes Emperor Yang Pu. The Wu State is replaced by Li (now called "Xu Zhigao"), who becomes the first ruler of Southern Tang.