History Events on March 09

Forty-two people die in the Cavalese cable car disaster, the worst cable-car accident to date.

#Cavalese_cable_car_disaster_(1976)

Inter Milan was founded on Football Club Internazionale, following a schism from the Milan Cricket and Football Club.

#Inter_Milan

The Wealth of Nations by Scottish economist and philosopher Adam Smith is published.

#The_Wealth_of_Nations

Giuseppe Verdi's third opera, Nabucco, receives its première performance in Milan; its success establishes Verdi as one of Italy's foremost opera composers.

#Giuseppe_Verdi

World War II: Dutch East Indies, represented by KNIL Commander in Chief Lieutenant General Hein Ter Poorten, unconditionally surrendered to the Japanese forces in Kalijati, Subang, West Java, and the Japanese completed their Dutch East Indies campaign.

#World_War_II

The Mars 7 Flyby bus releases the descent module too early, missing Mars.

#Mars_7

President Soeharto inaugurated Jagorawi Toll Road, the first toll highway in Indonesia, connecting Jakarta, Bogor and Ciawi, West Java.

#Suharto

Augsburg becomes a Free imperial city.

#Augsburg

The first documented discovery of gold in California occurs at Rancho San Francisco, six years before the California Gold Rush.

#Gold

After a campaign by the writer Voltaire, judges in Paris posthumously exonerate Jean Calas of murdering his son. Calas had been tortured and executed in 1762 on the charge, though his son may have actually committed suicide.

#Voltaire

Napoléon Bonaparte marries his first wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais.

#Napoleon

Francis Ronalds describes the first battery-operated clock in the Philosophical Magazine.

#Francis_Ronalds

Paraguayan forces defeat Manuel Belgrano at the Battle of Tacuarí.

#Manuel_Belgrano

McCarthyism: CBS television broadcasts the See It Now episode, "A Report on Senator Joseph McCarthy", produced by Fred Friendly.

#McCarthyism

World War II: Soviet Army planes attack Tallinn, Estonia.

#Bombing_of_Tallinn_in_World_War_II

American Civil War: USS Monitor and CSS Virginia fight to a draw in the Battle of Hampton Roads, the first battle between two ironclad warships.

#American_Civil_War

Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Asen II defeats Theodore of Epirus in the Battle of Klokotnitsa.

#Bulgaria

The fleet of Pedro Álvares Cabral leaves Lisbon for the Indies. The fleet will discover Brazil which lies within boundaries granted to Portugal in the Treaty of Tordesillas.

#Pedro_Álvares_Cabral

The 8.6 Mw? Andreanof Islands earthquake shakes the Aleutian Islands with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), causing $5 million in damage from ground movement and a destructive tsunami that affected Hawaii, where two people were killed in a plane crash while documenting its arrival.

#1957_Andreanof_Islands_earthquake

The Barbie doll makes its debut at the American International Toy Fair in New York.

#Barbie

World War II: A coup d'état by Japanese forces in French Indochina removes the French from power.

#Japanese_coup_d'état_in_French_Indochina

Khwarazmian sultan Jalal ad-Din conquers the Georgian capital of Tbilisi.

#Khwarazmian_dynasty

Mexican-American War: The first large-scale amphibious assault in U.S. history is launched in the Siege of Veracruz.

#Mexican-American_War

Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt submits the Emergency Banking Act to Congress, the first of his New Deal policies.

#Great_Depression

Soviet forces suppress mass demonstrations in the Georgian SSR, reacting to Nikita Khrushchev's de-Stalinization policy.

#Red_Army

Space Shuttle Discovery makes its final landing after 39 flights.

#Space_Shuttle_Discovery

David Rizzio, private secretary to Mary, Queen of Scots, is murdered in the Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh, Scotland.

#David_Rizzio

First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg.

#Lithuania

The U.S. Supreme Court rules in the United States v. The Amistad case that captive Africans who had seized control of the ship carrying them had been taken into slavery illegally.

#Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States

Comet Hale-Bopp: Observers in China, Mongolia and eastern Siberia are treated to a rare double feature as an eclipse permits Hale-Bopp to be seen during the day.

#Comet_Hale-Bopp

At least 130 rockets are fired into Israel from Gaza. Twelve Palestinians militants are killed as part of the latest escalation in violence in the region.

#Gaza_Strip

Prime Minister Francesco Crispi resigns following the Italian defeat at the Battle of Adwa.

#Francesco_Crispi

Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa leads nearly 500 Mexican raiders in an attack against the border town of Columbus, New Mexico.

#Mexican_Revolution

Pink's War: The first Royal Air Force operation conducted independently of the British Army or Royal Navy begins.

#Pink's_War

The Hanafi Siege: In a thirty-nine-hour standoff, armed Hanafi Muslims seize three Washington, D.C., buildings, killing two and taking 149 hostage.

Trans World Airlines Flight 553, a Douglas DC-9-15, crashes in a field in Concord Township, Ohio following a mid-air collision with a Beechcraft Baron, killing 26.

Sputnik 9 successfully launches, carrying a human dummy nicknamed Ivan Ivanovich, and demonstrating that the Soviet Union was ready to begin human spaceflight.

Dr. Belding Hibbard Scribner implants for the first time a shunt he invented into a patient, which allows the patient to receive hemodialysis on a regular basis.

Bolton Wanderers stadium disaster at Burnden Park, Bolton, England, kills 33 and injures hundreds more.

World War II: The first nocturnal incendiary attack on Tokyo inflicts damage comparable to that inflicted on both Hiroshima and Nagasaki five months later.

World War II: Japanese troops counter-attack American forces on Hill 700 in Bougainville in a five-day battle.

The Westmoreland County coal strike, involving 15,000 coal miners represented by the United Mine Workers, begins.

Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.