History Events on July 27

Founding of the U.S. Army Medical Department: The Second Continental Congress passes legislation establishing "an hospital for an army consisting of 20,000 men."

#Army_Medical_Department_(United_States)

The first U.S. federal government agency, the Department of Foreign Affairs, is established (it will be later renamed Department of State).

#Federal_government_of_the_United_States

French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre is arrested after encouraging the execution of more than 17,000 "enemies of the Revolution".

#French_Revolution

Second Anglo-Afghan War: Battle of Maiwand: Afghan forces led by Mohammad Ayub Khan defeat the British Army in battle near Maiwand, Afghanistan.

#Second_Anglo-Afghan_War

The Jamaat al Muslimeen attempt a coup d'état in Trinidad and Tobago.

#Jamaat_al_Muslimeen

While attempting to land at Tripoli International Airport in Libya, Korean Air Flight 803 crashes just short of the runway. Seventy-five of the 199 passengers and crew and four people on the ground are killed, in the second accident involving a DC-10 in less than two weeks, the first being United Airlines Flight 232.

#Tripoli_International_Airport

Siege of Arrah begins: Sixty-eight men hold out for eight days against a force of 2,500 to 3,000 mutinying sepoys and 8,000 irregular forces.

#Siege_of_Arrah

Battle of Bouvines: Philip II of France decisively defeats Imperial, English and Flemish armies, effectively ending John of England's Angevin Empire.

#Battle_of_Bouvines

The English Parliament passes the second Navigation Act requiring that all goods bound for the American colonies have to be sent in English ships from English ports. After the Acts of Union 1707, Scotland would be included in the Act.

#Parliament_of_England

The Chicago Race Riot erupts after a racial incident occurred on a South Side beach, leading to 38 fatalities and 537 injuries over a five-day period.

#Chicago_race_riot_of_1919

The first permanent transatlantic telegraph cable is successfully completed, stretching from Valentia Island, Ireland, to Heart's Content, Newfoundland.

#Transatlantic_telegraph_cable

After an incident during STS-114, NASA grounds the Space Shuttle, pending an investigation of the continuing problem with the shedding of foam insulation from the external fuel tank.

#STS-114

In Atlanta, United States, a pipe bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park during the 1996 Summer Olympics.

#Atlanta

Watergate scandal: The House of Representatives Judiciary Committee votes 27 to 11 to recommend the first article of impeachment (for obstruction of justice) against President Richard Nixon.

#Watergate_scandal

Former Japanese prime minister Kakuei Tanaka is arrested on suspicion of violating foreign exchange and foreign trade laws in connection with the Lockheed bribery scandals.

#Prime_Minister_of_Japan

Vincent van Gogh shoots himself and dies two days later.

#Vincent_van_Gogh

Black July: Eighteen Tamil political prisoners at the Welikada high security prison in Colombo are massacred by Sinhalese prisoners, the second such massacre in two days.

#Black_July

Cessation of hostilities is achieved in the Korean War when the United States, China, and North Korea sign an armistice agreement. Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea, refuses to sign but pledges to observe the armistice.

#Korean_War

Initial flight of the de Havilland Comet, the first jet-powered airliner.

#De_Havilland_Comet

RMS Titanic Inc. begins the first expedited salvage of wreckage of the RMS Titanic.

#Premier_Exhibitions

El Al Flight 402 is shot down by two fighter jets after straying into Bulgarian air space. All 58 people onboard are killed.

#El_Al_Flight_402

Glorious Revolution: The Battle of Killiecrankie is a victory for the Jacobites.

#Glorious_Revolution

The Korean War Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C..

#Korean_War_Veterans_Memorial

American Revolution: First Battle of Ushant: British and French fleets fight to a standoff.

#American_Revolution

Siward, Earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland somewhere north of the Firth of Forth.

#Siward,_Earl_of_Northumbria

The Austrian State Treaty restores Austrian sovereignty.

#Austrian_State_Treaty

A Royal charter is granted to the Bank of England.

#Royal_charter

Kaiser Wilhelm II makes a speech comparing Germans to Huns; for years afterwards, "Hun" would be a disparaging name for Germans.

#Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor

At least seven people are killed and many injured after gunmen attack an Indian police station in Punjab.

#2015_Gurdaspur_attack

At a news conference in Florida, U.S. Presidential Candidate Donald Trump publicly appealed to Russia to find and release private emails from Democratic opponent Hillary Clinton; a Special Counsel investigation (2017-2019) later alleged that Russian operatives began hacking into servers at the Democratic National Committee on that same day, leading to the July 13, 2018 indictment of 12 Russian intelligence officers.

#Florida

World War I: The Allies reach the Yser Canal at the Battle of Passchendaele.

#World_War_I

World War II: Allied forces successfully halt the final Axis advance into Egypt.

#World_War_II

Welsh settlers arrive at Chubut in Argentina.

#Y_Wladfa

The Jesuit priest Francis Xavier's ship reaches Japan.

#Society_of_Jesus

According to Edward Gibbon, Osman I invades the territory of Nicomedia for the first time, usually considered to be the founding day of the Ottoman state.

#Edward_Gibbon

Ukraine airshow disaster: A Sukhoi Su-27 fighter crashes during an air show at Lviv, Ukraine killing 77 and injuring more than 500 others, making it the deadliest air show disaster in history.

#Sknyliv_air_show_disaster

Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Stefan Nemanja, during the Third Crusade.

#Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor

Vietnam War: Five thousand more American military advisers are sent to South Vietnam bringing the total number of United States forces in Vietnam to 21,000.

#Vietnam_War

While landing at Chihuahua International Airport, Aeromexico Flight 230 overshoots the runway. Thirty-two of the 66 passengers and crew on board the DC-9 are killed.

#Chihuahua_International_Airport

About 50 people are killed in the Si Zerrouk massacre in Algeria.

The Supreme Soviet of the Belarusian Soviet Republic declares independence of Belarus from the Soviet Union. Until 1996 the day is celebrated as the Independence Day of Belarus; after a referendum held that year the celebration of independence is moved to June 3.

Mayor of Jaffna and former MP Alfred Duraiappah is shot dead.

The Continental League is announced as baseball's "3rd major league" in the United States.

The animated short A Wild Hare is released, introducing the character of Bugs Bunny.

The Geneva Convention of 1929, dealing with treatment of prisoners-of-war, is signed by 53 nations.

Researchers at the University of Toronto, led by biochemist Frederick Banting, prove that the hormone insulin regulates blood sugar.

Battle of Negro Fort: The battle ends when a hot shot cannonball fired by US Navy Gunboat No. 154 explodes the Fort's Powder Magazine, killing approximately 275. It is considered the deadliest single cannon shot in US history.

Battle of Bapheus: Decisive Ottoman victory over the Byzantines opening up Bithynia for Turkish conquest.

Georgian-Seljuk wars: At the Battle of Basian the Kingdom of Georgia defeats the Sultanate of Rum.