History Events on July 25

The First Sino-Japanese War begins when the Japanese fire upon a Chinese warship.

#First_Sino-Japanese_War

American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Crittenden-Johnson Resolution, stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery.

#American_Civil_War

The Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt.

#Nazi_Germany

WikiLeaks publishes classified documents about the War in Afghanistan, one of the largest leaks in U.S. military history.

#WikiLeaks

Salyut 7 cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk.

#Salyut_7

Henry IV of France publicly converts from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism.

#Henry_IV_of_France

Israel launches a massive attack against Lebanon in what the Israelis call Operation Accountability, and the Lebanese call the Seven-Day War.

#Lebanon

Sebastián de Belalcázar on his search of El Dorado founds the city of Santiago de Cali.

#Sebastián_de_Belalcázar

Horatio Nelson loses more than 300 men and his right arm during the failed conquest attempt of Tenerife (Spain).

#Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson

Ignacio de Maya founds the Real Santiago de las Sabinas, now known as Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Mexico.

#Sabinas_Hidalgo,_Nuevo_León

RFC Captain Lanoe Hawker becomes the first British pursuit aviator to earn the Victoria Cross.

#Royal_Flying_Corps

Mary I marries Philip II of Spain at Winchester Cathedral.

#Mary_I_of_England

The Brunswick Manifesto is issued to the population of Paris promising vengeance if the French royal family is harmed.

#Brunswick_Manifesto

General Henri Guisan orders the Swiss Army to resist German invasion and makes surrender illegal.

#Henri_Guisan

Bob Dylan goes electric at the Newport Folk Festival, signaling a major change in folk and rock music.

#Bob_Dylan

World War II: Benito Mussolini is forced out of office by the Grand Council of Fascism and is replaced by Pietro Badoglio.

#World_War_II

Costa Rica annexes Guanacaste from Nicaragua.

#Costa_Rica

Ajinomoto is founded. Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University discovers that a key ingredient in kombu soup stock is monosodium glutamate (MSG), and patents a process for manufacturing it.

#Ajinomoto

Dummer's War begins along the Maine-Massachusetts border.

#Dummer's_War

The Wyoming Territory is established.

#Wyoming_Territory

Concorde Air France Flight 4590 crashes at Paris Charles de Gaulle airport, killing 113 people.

#Concorde

Another section of the Sinai Peninsula is peacefully returned by Israel to Egypt.

#Sinai_Peninsula

At Abu Qir in Egypt, Napoleon I of France defeats 10,000 Ottomans under Mustafa Pasha.

#Abu_Qir

James VI of Scotland is crowned king of England (James I of England), bringing the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland into personal union. Political union would occur in 1707.

#James_VI_and_I

The Battle of Molinella: The first battle in Italy in which firearms are used extensively.

#Battle_of_Molinella

Battle of Ourique: The Almoravids, led by Ali ibn Yusuf, are defeated by Prince Afonso Henriques who is proclaimed King of Portugal.

#Battle_of_Ourique

Joaquin Murrieta, the famous Californio bandit known as the "Robin Hood of El Dorado", is killed.

#Joaquin_Murrieta

Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard Nixon declares the Nixon Doctrine, stating that the United States now expects its Asian allies to take care of their own military defense. This is the start of the "Vietnamization" of the war.

#Vietnam_War

The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge.

#Arch_of_Constantine

Puerto Rican police shoot two nationalists in the Cerro Maravilla murders.

#Puerto_Rico

Cold War: In a speech John F. Kennedy emphasizes that any attack on Berlin is an attack on NATO.

#Cold_War

War of 1812: An American attack on Canada is repulsed.

#War_of_1812

Israel and Jordan sign the Washington Declaration, that formally ends the state of war that had existed between the nations since 1948.

#Jordan

The United States Congress passes legislation authorizing the rank of General of the Army. Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to be promoted to this rank.

#Military_rank

The naval Battle of Algeciras takes place in the context of the Spanish Reconquista resulting in a victory for the Emirate of Granada and the Maranid Dynasty over the Kingdom of Castile.

#Battle_of_Algeciras_(1278)

American Revolutionary War: The war's last action, the Siege of Cuddalore, is ended by a preliminary peace agreement.

#American_Revolutionary_War

As-Suwayda attacks: Coordinated attacks occur in Syria

#2018_As-Suwayda_attacks

French and Indian War: In Western New York, British forces capture Fort Niagara from the French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé.

#French_and_Indian_War

Pratibha Patil is sworn in as India's first female president.

#Pratibha_Patil

Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.

#Constantine_the_Great

Sir Robert Borden introduces the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).

#Robert_Borden

The Norwegian Manifesto calls for nonviolent resistance to the German occupation.

#Norwegian_resistance_movement

The city of Guayaquil is founded by the Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana and given the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil.

#Guayaquil

Forty-five miles south of Nantucket Island, the Italian ocean liner SS Andrea Doria collides with the MS Stockholm in heavy fog and sinks the next day, killing 51.

#Nantucket

The first commercial use of an electrical telegraph is successfully demonstrated in London by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone.

#Electrical_telegraph

Eleanor of Aquitaine marries Prince Louis, later King Louis VII of France, at the Cathedral of Saint-André in Bordeaux.

#Eleanor_of_Aquitaine

British governor Charles Lawrence and the Nova Scotia Council order the deportation of the Acadians.

#British_Empire

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart completes his Symphony No. 40 in G minor (K550).

#Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart

Soviet Mars 5 space probe is launched.

#Soviet_Union

World War II: Operation Spring is one of the bloodiest days for the First Canadian Army during the war.

#Operation_Spring

Nuclear weapons testing: Operation Crossroads: An atomic bomb is detonated underwater in the lagoon of Bikini Atoll.

#Nuclear_weapons_testing

Don Diego de Losada founds the city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas, modern-day Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela.

#Caracas

The Republic of Tunisia is proclaimed, under President Habib Bourguiba.

#Tunisia

In a military coup in Burundi, Pierre Buyoya deposes Sylvestre Ntibantunganya.

#1996_Burundian_coup_d'état

The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Alexios Strategopoulos, re-establishing the Byzantine Empire.

#Constantinople

Louis Blériot makes the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air machine from Calais to Dover, England, United Kingdom in 37 minutes.

#Louis_Blériot

Viking program: Viking 1 takes the famous Face on Mars photo.

#Viking_program

Black July: Thirty-seven Tamil political prisoners at the Welikada high security prison in Colombo are massacred by the fellow Sinhalese prisoners.

#Black_July

The English ship Sea Venture, en route to Virginia, is deliberately driven ashore during a storm at Bermuda to prevent its sinking; the survivors go on to found a new colony there.

#Sea_Venture

Henry II of France is crowned.

#Henry_II_of_France

A gas bottle explodes in Saint Michel station of line B of the RER (Paris regional train network). Eight are killed and 80 wounded.

The Saint James Church massacre occurs in Kenilworth, Cape Town, South Africa.

Birth of Louise Joy Brown, the first human to have been born after conception by in vitro fertilisation, or IVF.

The African Regroupment Party (PRA) holds its first congress in Cotonou.

Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) is established.

In the Puerto Rican Campaign, the United States seizes Puerto Rico from Spain.

The Japanese daimy?s begin returning their land holdings to the emperor as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. (Traditional Japanese Date: June 17, 1869).

The Edict of Pistres of Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings.

Climax of the Siege of Thessalonica by the Slavs in a three-day assault on the city walls.