History Events on July 24
Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle: King Edward I of England takes the stronghold using the War Wolf.
#Wars_of_Scottish_Independence
Watergate scandal: The United States Supreme Court unanimously ruled that President Richard Nixon did not have the authority to withhold subpoenaed White House tapes and they order him to surrender the tapes to the Watergate special prosecutor.
#Watergate_scandal
Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade.
#Louis_VII_of_France
The Ottoman Empire captures the city of Shkodër, putting down the Albanian Revolt of 1910.
#Ottoman_Empire
Hiram Bingham III re-discovers Machu Picchu, "the Lost City of the Incas".
#Hiram_Bingham_III
Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Tsar of Bulgaria when he was a child, is sworn in as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, becoming the first monarch in history to regain political power through democratic election to a different office.
#Simeon_Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
Citizens of Leeuwarden, Netherlands, strike against a ban on foreign beer.
#Leeuwarden
Air Algérie Flight 5017 loses contact with air traffic controllers 50 minutes after takeoff. It was travelling between Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and Algiers. The wreckage is later found in Mali. All 116 people onboard are killed.
#Air_Algérie_Flight_5017
George Brett batting for the Kansas City Royals against the New York Yankees, has a game-winning home run nullified in the "Pine Tar Incident".
#George_Brett
A high-speed train derails in Spain rounding a curve with an 80 km/h (50 mph) speed limit at 190 km/h (120 mph), killing 78 passengers.
#Santiago_de_Compostela_derailment
In Maracaibo, Venezuela, the naval Battle of Lake Maracaibo takes place, where Admiral José Prudencio Padilla defeats the Spanish Navy, thus culminating the independence for the Gran Colombia.
#Maracaibo
The passenger ship SS Eastland capsizes while tied to a dock in the Chicago River. A total of 844 passengers and crew are killed in the largest loss of life disaster from a single shipwreck on the Great Lakes.
#SS_Eastland
American Civil War: Battle of Kernstown: Confederate General Jubal Early defeats Union troops led by General George Crook in an effort to keep them out of the Shenandoah Valley.
#American_Civil_War
The Kingdom of Georgia and the Russian Empire sign the Treaty of Georgievsk.
#Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti
The ship Bluenose II was launched in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. The schooner is a major Canadian symbol.
#Bluenose_II
US supertanker SS Bridgeton collides with mines laid by IRGC causing a 43-square-meter dent in the body of the oil tanker.
#SS_Bridgeton
Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founds the trading post at Fort Pontchartrain, which later becomes the city of Detroit.
#Antoine_de_la_Mothe_Cadillac
The Kellogg-Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy, goes into effect (it is first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928, by most leading world powers).
#Kellogg-Briand_Pact
At the opening of the American National Exhibition in Moscow, U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev have a "Kitchen Debate".
#American_National_Exhibition
O. Henry is released from prison in Columbus, Ohio, after serving three years for embezzlement from a bank.
#O._Henry
Battle of Harlaw, one of the bloodiest battles in Scotland, takes place.
#Battle_of_Harlaw
Apollo program: Apollo 11 splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean.
#Apollo_program
The draft of the British Mandate of Palestine was formally confirmed by the Council of the League of Nations; it came into effect on 26 September 1923.
#Mandatory_Palestine
Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate and replaced by her 1-year-old son James VI.
#Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
The Black July anti-Tamil riots begin in Sri Lanka, killing between 400 and 3,000. Black July is generally regarded as the beginning of the Sri Lankan Civil War.
#Black_July
Alabama drops rape charges against the "Scottsboro Boys".
#Alabama
After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City.
#Brigham_Young
World War II: Operation Gomorrah begins: British and Canadian aeroplanes bomb Hamburg by night, and American planes bomb the city by day. By the end of the operation in November, 9,000 tons of explosives will have killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings.
#World_War_II
Richard March Hoe, American inventor, patented the rotary-type printing press.
#Richard_March_Hoe
The Menin Gate war memorial is unveiled at Ypres.
#Menin_Gate
Themistoklis Sofoulis becomes Prime Minister of Greece.
#Themistoklis_Sofoulis
Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
#Battle_of_Nocera
End of a four-day-long Libyan-Egyptian War.
#Libyan-Egyptian_War
French explorer Jacques Cartier plants a cross on the Gaspé Peninsula and takes possession of the territory in the name of Francis I of France.
#Jacques_Cartier
War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward the Niagara River to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.
#War_of_1812
During an official state visit to Canada, French President Charles de Gaulle declares to a crowd of over 100,000 in Montreal: Vive le Québec libre! ("Long live free Quebec!"); the statement angered the Canadian government and many Anglophone Canadians.
#Charles_de_Gaulle
Heavy rain causes a mudslide that destroys a bridge at Nagasaki, Japan, killing 299.
#Nagasaki
The Dust Bowl heat wave reaches its peak, sending temperatures to 109 °F (43 °C) in Chicago and 104 °F (40 °C) in Milwaukee.
#Dust_Bowl