History Events on July 23

The post-war legal processes against Philippe Pétain begin.

#Philippe_Pétain

Bulgarian poet and Communist leader Nikola Vaptsarov is executed by firing squad.

#Bulgaria

A wildfire in East Attica, Greece caused the death of 102 people. It was the deadliest wildfire in history of Greece and the second-deadliest in the world, in the 21st century, after the 2009 bushfires in Australia that killed 180.

#2018_Attica_wildfires

The United States launches Landsat 1, the first Earth-resources satellite.

#Landsat_1

While the Mora Rebellion continues, Greeks capture Monemvasia Castle. Turkish troops and citizens are transferred to Asia Minor's coasts.

#Greek_War_of_Independence

General Ne Win, effective ruler of Burma since 1962, resigns after pro-democracy protests.

#Ne_Win

Austria-Hungary issues a series of demands in an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia demanding Serbia to allow the Austrians to determine who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Serbia accepts all but one of those demands and Austria declares war on July 28.

#Austria-Hungary

Sir Thomas Maitland is appointed as the first Governor of Malta, transforming the island from a British protectorate to a de facto colony.

#Thomas_Maitland_(British_Army_officer)

Space Shuttle Columbia launches on STS-93, with Eileen Collins becoming the first female space shuttle commander. The shuttle also carried and deployed the Chandra X-ray Observatory.

#Space_Shuttle_Columbia

World War II: The British destroyers HMS Eclipse and HMS Laforey sink the Italian submarine Ascianghi in the Mediterranean after she torpedoes the cruiser HMS Newfoundland.

#HMS_Eclipse_(H08)

In the United States, William Austin Burt patents the typographer, a precursor to the typewriter.

#William_Austin_Burt

Kabul twin bombing occurred in the vicinity of Deh Mazang when protesters, mostly from the Shiite Hazara minority, were marching against route changing of the TUTAP power project. At least 80 people were killed and 260 were injured.

#Kabul

The Sandinista National Liberation Front is founded in Nicaragua.

#Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front

Glenville shootout: In Cleveland, Ohio, a violent shootout between a Black Militant organization and the Cleveland Police Department occurs. During the shootout, a riot begins and lasts for five days.

#Glenville_shootout

The Ford Motor Company sells its first car.

#Ford_Motor_Company

Abkhazia declares independence from Georgia.

#Abkhazia

TransAsia Airways Flight 222 crashes in Xixi village near Huxi, Penghu, during approach to Phengu Airport. 48 of the 58 people on board are killed and five more people on the ground are injured.

#TransAsia_Airways_Flight_222

Telstar relays the first publicly transmitted, live trans-Atlantic television program, featuring Walter Cronkite.

#Telstar

Ph?m Tuân becomes the first Vietnamese citizen and the first Asian in space when he flies aboard the Soyuz 37 mission as an Intercosmos Research Cosmonaut.

#Ph?m_Tuân

Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasury.

#Byzantine_Empire

Kingdom of Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France.

#Kingdom_of_Prussia

The Second Constitution accepted by the Ottomans.

#Second_Constitutional_Era

In Catalonia, Spain, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of Socialist and Communist parties.

#Catalonia

Jackie Robinson becomes the first African American to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

#Jackie_Robinson

ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo, Japan by Yuji Nishizawa.

#All_Nippon_Airways_Flight_61

The Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina is signed in Buenos Aires.

#Boundary_Treaty_of_1881_between_Chile_and_Argentina

A Vatican commission, led by Joseph Ratzinger, establishes that limiting certain rights of homosexual people and non-married couples is not equivalent to discrimination on grounds of race or gender.

#Catholic_Church

American Civil War: Henry Halleck takes command of the Union Army.

#American_Civil_War

NASA announces discovery of Kepler-452b by Kepler.

#NASA

Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe, France.

#New_France

Outside Santa Clarita, California, actor Vic Morrow and two children are killed when a helicopter crashes onto them while shooting a scene from Twilight Zone: The Movie.

#Santa_Clarita,_California

World War II: The German offensives Operation Edelweiss and Operation Braunschweig begin.

#World_War_II

The Province of Canada is created by the Act of Union.

#Province_of_Canada

Gimli Glider: Air Canada Flight 143 runs out of fuel and makes a deadstick landing at Gimli, Manitoba.

#Gimli_Glider

Detroit Riots: In Detroit, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city. It ultimately kills 43 people, injures 342 and burns about 1,400 buildings.

#1967_Detroit_riot

Scanian War: Denmark-Norway captures the harbor town of Marstrand from Sweden.

#Scanian_War

President Ulysses S. Grant dies of throat cancer.

#Ulysses_S._Grant

Thirteen Sri Lanka Army soldiers are killed after a deadly ambush by the militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.

#Sri_Lanka_Army

A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet off Chios.

#Knights_Hospitaller

Comet Hale-Bopp is discovered; it becomes visible to the naked eye on Earth nearly a year later.

#Comet_Hale-Bopp

Three bombs explode in the Naama Bay area of Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, killing 88 people.

Digital Equipment Corporation files antitrust charges against chipmaker Intel.

The Greek military junta collapses, and former Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis is invited to lead the new government, beginning Greece's metapolitefsi era.

Qaboos bin Said al Said becomes Sultan of Oman after overthrowing his father, Said bin Taimur initiating massive reforms, modernization programs and end to a decade long civil war.

The only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft takes place when a Boeing 707 carrying ten crew and 38 passengers is taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. The aircraft was en route from Rome, to Lod, Israel.

The International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos is signed.

General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free Officers Movement (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real power behind the coup) in overthrowing King Farouk of Egypt.

The Rayleigh bath chair murder occurred in Rayleigh, Essex, England.

The United States' Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles issues a declaration on the U.S. non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

The first station of the Indian Broadcasting Company goes on the air in Bombay.

Fox Film buys the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

The Communist Party of China (CPC) is established at the founding National Congress.

Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa, India.