History Events on July 21
Sirimavo Bandaranaike is elected Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, becoming the world's first female head of government
#Sirimavo_Bandaranaike
The United States Senate ratifies the North Atlantic Treaty.
#United_States_Senate
Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, high school biology teacher John T. Scopes is found guilty of teaching evolution in class and fined $100.
#Scopes_Trial
NASA's Space Shuttle program ends with the landing of Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-135 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center.
#NASA
The 365 Crete earthquake affects the Greek island of Crete with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing a destructive tsunami that affects the coasts of Libya and Egypt, especially Alexandria. Many thousands were killed.
#365_Crete_earthquake
Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar and co-ruler.
#Diocletian
The first landing of French troops on the coast of the Isle of Wight during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight.
#Isle_of_Wight
Ram Baran Yadav is declared the first president of Nepal.
#Ram_Baran_Yadav
American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army.
#American_Civil_War
Malcolm Campbell becomes the first man to exceed 150 mph (241 km/h) on land. At Pendine Sands in Wales, he drives Sunbeam 350HP built by Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of 150.33 mph (242 km/h).
#Malcolm_Campbell
Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: The People's Liberation Army begins firing missiles into the waters north of Taiwan.
#Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis
The 7.3 Mw? Kern County earthquake strikes Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing 12 and injuring hundreds.
#1952_Kern_County_earthquake
World War II: Claus von Stauffenberg and fellow conspirators are tortured and executed in Berlin, Germany, for the July 20 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
#Claus_von_Stauffenberg
First Indochina War: The Geneva Conference partitions Vietnam into North Vietnam and South Vietnam.
#First_Indochina_War
Elijah Jerry "Pumpsie" Green becomes the first African-American to play for the Boston Red Sox, the last team to integrate. He came in as a pinch runner for Vic Wertz and stayed in as shortstop in a 2-1 loss to the Chicago White Sox.
#Pumpsie_Green
Eighty Years' War: Battle of Jemmingen: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva defeats Louis of Nassau.
#Eighty_Years'_War
Battle of Shrewsbury: King Henry IV of England defeats rebels to the north of the county town of Shropshire, England.
#Battle_of_Shrewsbury
The dirigible Wingfoot Air Express crashes into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago, killing 12 people.
#Airship
Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus.
#Qing_dynasty
The world's lowest temperature in an inhabited location is recorded at Vostok Station, Antarctica at ?89.2 °C (?128.6 °F).
#Lowest_temperature_recorded_on_Earth
French campaign in Egypt and Syria: Napoleon's forces defeat an Ottoman-Mamluk army near Cairo in the Battle of the Pyramids.
#French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria
In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first western showdown.
#Springfield,_Missouri
After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of nine rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia.
#Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad
Inauguration of Leopold I of Belgium, first king of the Belgians.
#Leopold_I_of_Belgium
Battle of Taillebourg: Louis IX of France puts an end to the revolt of his vassals Henry III of England and Hugh X of Lusignan.
#Battle_of_Taillebourg
The Troubles: Bloody Friday: The Provisional IRA detonate 22 bombs in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom in the space of 80 minutes, killing nine and injuring 130.
#The_Troubles
The Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and the Republic of Venice is signed.
#Treaty_of_Passarowitz
At 02:56 UTC, astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to walk on the Moon.
#Neil_Armstrong
The passenger steamer SS Columbia sinks after colliding with the steam schooner San Pedro off Shelter Cove, California, killing 88 people.
#SS_Columbia_(1880)
King Berengar I of Italy and a hired Hungarian army defeats the Frankish forces at Verona. King Louis III is captured and blinded for breaking his oath (see 902).
#Berengar_I_of_Italy
At the conclusion of a fireworks display on Okura Beach in Akashi, Hy?go, Japan, 11 people are killed and more than 120 are injured when a pedestrian footbridge connecting the beach to JR Asagiri Station becomes overcrowded and people leaving the event fall down in a domino effect.
#Akashi,_Hy?go
After 11 years of construction, the Aswan High Dam in Egypt is completed.
#Aswan_Dam
Mercury program: Mercury-Redstone 4 Mission: Gus Grissom piloting Liberty Bell 7 becomes the second American to go into space (in a suborbital mission).
#Project_Mercury
Jay Silverheels, a Mohawk actor, becomes the first Native American to have a star commemorated in the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
#Jay_Silverheels
Taiwan's military police forces mainland Chinese illegal immigrants into sealed holds of a fishing boat Min Ping Yu No. 5540 for repatriation to Fujian, causing 25 people to die from suffocation.
#Republic_of_China_Military_Police
The start of the four-day-long Libyan-Egyptian War.
#Libyan-Egyptian_War
World War II: Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam, starting a battle that will end on August 10.
#World_War_II
NS Savannah, the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship, is launched as a showcase for Dwight D. Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" initiative.
#NS_Savannah
The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
#Temple_of_Artemis
At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West.
#Adair,_Iowa
Louis Rigolly, a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the 100 mph (161 km/h) barrier on land. He drove a 15-liter Gobron-Brillié in Ostend, Belgium.
#Louis_Rigolly