History Events on August 19

Prince Charles Edward Stuart raises his standard in Glenfinnan: The start of the Second Jacobite Rebellion, known as "the 45".

#Charles_Edward_Stuart

Saudia Flight 163, a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar burns after making an emergency landing at King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, killing 301 people.

#Saudia_Flight_163

Mary, Queen of Scots, who was 18 years old, returns to Scotland after spending 13 years in France.

#Mary,_Queen_of_Scots

American Indian Wars: During an uprising in Minnesota, Lakota warriors decide not to attack heavily defended Fort Ridgely and instead turn to the settlement of New Ulm, killing white settlers along the way.

#American_Indian_Wars

Tens of thousands of farmed non-native Atlantic salmon are accidentally released into the wild in Washington waters in the 2017 Cypress Island Atlantic salmon pen break.

#Atlantic_salmon

American Revolutionary War: Battle of Blue Licks: The last major engagement of the war, almost ten months after the surrender of the British commander Charles Cornwallis following the Siege of Yorktown.

#American_Revolutionary_War

Cold War: The CIA and MI6 help to overthrow the government of Mohammad Mosaddegh in Iran and reinstate the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

#Cold_War

In Belgrade, Yugoslavia, tens of thousands of Serbians rally to demand the resignation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia President Slobodan Miloševi?.

#Belgrade

The "Samlesbury witches", three women from the Lancashire village of Samlesbury, England, are put on trial, accused of practicing witchcraft, one of the most famous witch trials in British history.

#Samlesbury_witches

Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's Second Triumvirate.

#Gervasio_Antonio_de_Posadas

Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later known as Augustus, compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul.

#Augustus

First ascent of Weisshorn, fifth highest summit in the Alps.

#Weisshorn

California Gold Rush: The New York Herald breaks the news to the East Coast of the United States of the gold rush in California (although the rush started in January).

#California_Gold_Rush

Several hundred East Germans cross the frontier between Hungary and Austria during the Pan-European Picnic, part of the events that began the process of the Fall of the Berlin Wall.

#East_Germany

World War II: Operation Jubilee: The 2nd Canadian Infantry Division leads an amphibious assault by allied forces on Dieppe, France and fails, many Canadians are killed or captured. The operation was intended to develop and try new amphibious landing tactics for the coming full invasion in Normandy.

#World_War_II

Operation Iraqi Freedom ends, with the last of the United States brigade combat teams crossing the border to Kuwait.

#Iraq_War

Battle of Lagos Naval battle during the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France.

#Battle_of_Lagos

Patriarch Sergius of Moscow proclaims the declaration of loyalty of the Russian Orthodox Church to the Soviet Union.

#Patriarch_Sergius_of_Moscow

Crown Heights riot begins.

#Crown_Heights_riot

The first automobile race at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.

#Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway

World War II: Liberation of Paris: Paris, France rises against German occupation with the help of Allied troops.

#Liberation_of_Paris

Dissolution of the Soviet Union, August Coup: Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev is placed under house arrest while on holiday in the town of Foros, Ukraine.

#Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

Cold War: In Moscow, Russia, Soviet Union, downed American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers is sentenced to ten years imprisonment by the Soviet Union for espionage.

#Lockheed_U-2

Salem witch trials: In Salem, Province of Massachusetts Bay, five people, one woman and four men, including a clergyman, are executed after being convicted of witchcraft.

#Salem_witch_trials

Polish president Wojciech Jaruzelski nominates Solidarity activist Tadeusz Mazowiecki to be the first non-communist prime minister in 42 years.

#Wojciech_Jaruzelski

Baldwin III of Jerusalem takes control of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from his mother Melisende, and also captures Ascalon.

#Baldwin_III_of_Jerusalem

In the Northeast United States, severe flooding caused by Hurricane Diane, claims 200 lives.

#Hurricane_Diane

The French government announces that Louis Daguerre's photographic process is a gift "free to the world".

#Louis_Daguerre

A car-bomb attack on United Nations headquarters in Iraq kills the agency's top envoy Sérgio Vieira de Mello and 21 other employees.

#Canal_Hotel_bombing

August Revolution: Viet Minh led by Ho Chi Minh take power in Hanoi, Vietnam.

#August_Revolution

The first All-American Soap Box Derby is held in Dayton, Ohio.

#Soap_Box_Derby

First flight of the B-25 Mitchell medium bomber.

#North_American_B-25_Mitchell

Pope Pius II becomes the 211th Pope.

#Pope_Pius_II

Second Anglo-Dutch War: Rear Admiral Robert Holmes leads a raid on the Dutch island of Terschelling, destroying 150 merchant ships, an act later known as "Holmes's Bonfire".

#Second_Anglo-Dutch_War

Japanese prime minister Eisaku Sat? becomes the first post-World War II sitting prime minister to visit Okinawa Prefecture.

#Prime_Minister_of_Japan

War of 1812: American frigate USS Constitution defeats the British frigate HMS Guerriere off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada earning the nickname "Old Ironsides".

#War_of_1812

A suicide attack on a bus in Jerusalem, Israel, planned by Hamas, kills 23 Israelis, seven of them children, in the Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing.

#Jerusalem

The Dhamara Ghat train accident kills at least 37 people in the Indian state of Bihar.

#Dhamara_Ghat_train_accident

The first temple to Venus, the Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility, is dedicated by Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges during the Third Samnite War.

#Roman_temple

A series of bombings in Baghdad, Iraq, kills 101 and injures 565 others.

The first-ever joint military exercise between Russia and China, called Peace Mission 2005 begins.

Khankala Mi-26 crash: A Russian Mil Mi-26 helicopter carrying troops is hit by a Chechen missile outside Grozny, killing 118 soldiers.

Hungerford massacre: In the United Kingdom, Michael Ryan kills sixteen people with a semi-automatic rifle and then commits suicide.

Gulf of Sidra Incident: United States fighters intercept and shoot down two Libyan Sukhoi Su-22 fighter jets over the Gulf of Sidra.

In Iran, Cinema Rex fire caused more than 400 deaths.

Syncom 3, the first geostationary communication satellite, was launched.

Sputnik program: Korabl-Sputnik 2: The Soviet Union launches the satellite with the dogs Belka and Strelka, 40 mice, two rats and a variety of plants.

The Great Purge of the Soviet Union begins when the first of the Moscow Trials is convened.

The German referendum of 1934 approves Hitler's appointment as head of state with the title of Führer.

The First Sioux War begins when United States Army soldiers kill Lakota chief Conquering Bear and in return are massacred.

Gustav III of Sweden stages a coup d'état, in which he assumes power and enacts a new constitution that divides power between the Riksdag and the King.

Ottoman-Persian War: In the Battle of Kars, the Ottoman army is routed by Persian forces led by Nader Shah.

In Ireland, the Hiberno-Norman de Burghs (Burkes) and Anglo-Norman Fitzgeralds fight in the Battle of Knockdoe.

Abu Yazid, a Kharijite rebel leader, is defeated and killed in the Hodna Mountains in modern-day Algeria by Fatimid forces.